- Area: approximately 330 square miles / 855 square kilometers
- Population: approximately 2.7 million
- Language: Turkish
- Currency: New Turkish Lira (TRY)
- Time zone: UTC + 2, summer UTC + 3
- Country dialling code: +90
- Telephone area code: 0232
- Elevation 2 m (7 ft)
- Postal code:35 xxx
İzmir is the third largest city in Turkey with a population of around 3.7 million, after both Istanbul and Ankara. Izmir is home to one of the country's leading ports and is located within the Mediterranean basin, the second biggest port after Istanbul. Izmir is in western Anatolia and the capital of the Izmir province. The city is located along the outlying waters of the Izmir Gulf on the eastern shoreline of the Aegean Sea. The city was formerly known as Smyrna and boasts an extraordinary history, dates back to 5,000 years, it is set around a huge bay and surrounded by mountains now a modern, urbanized, and busy commercial center. Although the city has an atmosphere more of Mediterranean Europe than traditional Turkey, the large boulevards, glass-fronted buildings and contemporary shopping centers are dotted with conventional red-tiled roofs, the 18th century market, traditional mosques and churches.
The city has been one of the principal mercantile cities of the Mediterranean Sea for much of its history as it is located on an advantageous location at the head of a gulf running down in a deep indentation midway on the western Anatolian coast. Izmir port is Turkey's principal port for exports with regards to the freight handled and its Free zone, a Turkish- U.S joint venture established in 1990, is the leader among the twenty in Turkey. The city is widely considered as one of the most developing Turkish cities in terms of its lifestyle, business, values and dynamism.
History of Izmir
The history of Izmir stretches back to around 5000 BC and the original city was established in the third millennium BC (at present day Bayraklı), at which time it shared with Troy the most advanced culture in Anatolia. Izmir is ranked as one of the most important cities in the first millennium BC of the Ionian Federation and this was the birthplace of epic poet Homer, who was thought to have lived here around the 8th century BC. The Aeolians, the first Greek settlers, were finally taken over by the Ionians, and Lydian conquest of the city around 600 BC brought this golden age to an end. throughout the Lydian and subsequent sixth century BC Persian rule, Smyrna was little more than a village and a new city was built on the slopes of Mt. Pagos (Kadifekale) in the fourth century BC during the reign of Alexander the Great.
Alexander’s generals followed his wishes after his death and rebuilt Smyrna on Mount Pagos in Kadifekale, and the city then prospered under the Roman period beginning in the first century BC which was its second great era. In 178 AD, The city was destroyed by an earthquake but later renovated and became a major commercial port. After the Byzantine rule, the city had a tumultuous time under the Crusaders, Arabs, Seljuks and Mongols, until Sultan Mehmed Çelebi integrated it into the Ottoman Empire in 1415. Despite its frequent earthquakes, Suleiman, the magnificent made Smyrna into a flourishing and sophisticated city with a huge trading center. Smyrna became one of the earliest centers of Christianity which is revealed by both Revelation and the Martyrdom of Polycarp. They indicate that the Jewish community existed in Smyrna as early as the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.
Following World War I and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, The city earned its fame as one of the most important port cities of the world. The majority of its population was Greek but merchants of French, Italian, Dutch, Armenian, Sephardi and Jewish origins transformed the city into a cosmopolitan portal of trade. At the moment, Izmir is Turkey's third largest city and is nicknamed "the pearl of Aegean."
How to get in?
The Izmir Adnan Menderes Airport is located 16 km south of the city center, has several daily flights to Istanbul, Antalya and Ankara. Named after former Turkish Prime Minister, Adnan Mendes, It is ranked fourth in terms of total number of passenger traffic. The fastest way to get to Izmir airport is via the airport shuttle bus which is available every 20, 45 and 60 minutes from the Turkish Airlines offices. The airport has regular flights from many European cities and Iz Air is a local carrier operating out of Adnan Menderes airport and offers many domestic connections.
Izmir has two railway stations: Basmane (built in 1876) in the city centre is the major terminal for intercity trains, and Alsancak, built in 1858, in the north is mostly a commuter and local route. Travelling to Izmir through ferry is fun, not expensive and of course faster than take the local bus that will probably stuck in the traffic for hours. The ferry from Izmir- Istanbul (19 hours), operate at weekends, and one or two weekly ferries between Izmir and Venice (67 hours). All ferries harbor at the Alsancak Ferry Terminal, 2km north of the city center.
The bus station, or otogar, is 6km north east of town in a huge building. Visitors can go to bus station by taxi (around 15 TL to the center) but every company has free mini shuttle buses for the city every 30’.
Bodrum-Izmir costs 20 TL (12euro) and takes 4 hours
Marmaris-Izmir costs 22TL (13 euro) and takes 4.5 hours
Istanbul-Izmir costs 40 TL (22 euro) and takes 10 hours
Climate of IzmirThe climate of Izmir can be easily distinguished by its lengthy, sunny summer months and mild, winter weather. Temperatures in Izmir regularly exceed 30°C between June and August and can often top 35°C / 95°F. Meanwhile, the added humidity levels can make the climate feel even hotter. The winter climate can be quite temperate, while often rather wet, majority of the annual precipitation tending to fall between November and March. Snowy weather will make rare appearances in January or February although it is extremely unusual in Izmir. When the climate is pleasantly warm and dry, many tourists favor visiting Izmir during the spring and the crowds are fairly light. The summer temperatures will start to manifest in Izmir by the end of May and soon begin to exceed 25°C. Sunbathers set to throng the beaches of Izmir by the end of May, and the surrounding waters of the Aegean Sea quickly warm up and lend themselves to swimming.
Many outdoor events take place around Izmir Throughout the summer season, with open-air concerts taking full advantage of the pleasant evenings and abundant tourists. The summer heat lasts well into the year and both September and October see plenty of sunny weather and reliable temperatures.
- The average temperature in Izmir, Turkey is 17.5 °C and the average temperature range is 18.5 °C.
- The highest monthly average temperature is 33 °C in July & August.
- January & February recorded The lowest monthly average temperature 5 °C
- Izmir's climate receives an average of 58 mm per month and 695 mm of rainfall per year
- There are nearly 70 days per year with more than 0.1 mm (0.004 in) of rainfall (precipitation) or 5.8 days of rainfall per month.
- July & August has the driest weather when an average of 3 mm (0.1 in) of rainfall (precipitation) occurs.
- The rainiest weather is in January & December when an average of 141 mm (5.6 in) of rainfall occurs.
- Average monthly relative humidity ranges from 49% in July & August to 72% in January & December whereas yearly average is 61.7%
- Average sunlight hours in Izmir vary between 4.0 hours per day in January and 12.5 hours per day in July.
- With an average of 8.2 hours of sunlight per day, there is an average of 3008 hours of sunlight per year.
- There is an average of 10 days per year with frost in Izmir and in January there is an average of 3 days with frost.
Izmir Tourist AttractionsKonak Square (Konak Meydani) and Clock Tower
The Konak Square earned its name after the Turkish Ottoman government mansion known as the 'hukumet konagi' and it is a open traffic-free public plaza and. the landscaped cactus garden is the surprising feature in the Konak Aquare, while the historical clock tower was donated to Izmir by Sultan Abdul Hamit II. The clock tower has four fountains surrounding the base with ornate and oriental in style as well as a number of mature palm trees provide a Mediterranean flavor around the square, it is great place for tourists to visit in the evenings.
Open: daily - 24 hours
Admission: free
Agora of Smyrna / Agora Open Air Museum
The Agora was completely reconstructed by Marcus Aurelius, the Roman emperor of the time, following serious earthquake damage in the 2nd century. The Agora of Smyrna remains in a very good state of repair, despite its considerable age, with many Colonnades of stone Corinthian columns still standing today and providing a clear indication of how a Roman bazaar once appeared. A Muslim cemetery surrounds the ancient landmarks being dotted around the perimeter. The Agora is easy to find and with free brochures ensuring that you will make the very most of your visit.
Open: daily - 08:00 to 17:00
Admission: free
Kordon
Beside the Alsancak docks and to the south of the Konak Meydani, The Kordon is located and it has become something of a famous local waterfront landmark. The Kordon is the perfect place for an evening stroll and carriage ride onboard a traditional Turkish 'phaeton', to simply watch the bay front activity or the sun set.
Open: daily - 24 hours
Admission: free
Kadifekale Castle
The ruined Kadifekale Castle (literally "the velvet castle" in Turkish) is the name of the hill and of the castle situated on top of the same hill in İzmir, Turkey. The castle is located south of Konak square 2 kilometers away from the seashore and it offers breathtaking panoramas across the urban cityscape. These ancient fortifications crown the hilltop and are connected by frequent buses. There's a lovely cafe inside the castle walls and a small market where women sell handmade souvenirs such as bracelets, necklaces and rugs.
Open: daily
Admission: free
Izmir Tourist Beaches
Izmir has much to offer in the way of naturally formed beaches, secluded bays and coastal attractions as it is located on the north-westerly shoreline of Turkey and the Aegean Sea. Many beaches really are just a short distance from the actual city centre, with the most popular offering a good selection of facilities. Alaçatı is a unique Aegean town on the western coast of Turkey and it is popular for windsurfing and kitesurfing, with its crystal clear water, consistent and steady wind as well as well acclaimed Turkish hospitality. Ilıca is historically a retreat for wealthy people during summer holidays and also it is a popular destination for many. It has natural hot water springs and Ilıca also has a golden beach, approximately 1.5 km long and favorable wind condition. Çeşmealtı is 36 km. away from Izmir, is a lively and natural center of tourism with long beaches which stretch from Çeşmealtı to Içmeler. The Akkum Beaches in Sığacık holiday local are 5 km. away from the district of Seferihisar and it is a beautiful holiday and recreation center with its clear sea and glittering sand.
Izmir Dining
The definite Aegean and Mediterranean climate as well as warm year-round climate of the Izmir region influences the local vegetation and tropical local produce is in abundance. Many of the city restaurants frequently make use of the abundant melons and other fruit grown nearby. Anafartalar Caddesi market is an excellent source of fruit and vegetables, along with spicy pastries and freshly baked bread.
Within the Alsancak area of Izmir, There is a definite cluster of bars and eateries located and these are often to be found within historical Greek and Turkish houses. Seafood is the speiality of cities restaurants and menus regularly include sea bass and sole, which tend to be served grilled. The Ataturk Caddesi has a number of very popular seafood restaurants serving dishes such as 'tuza balik' (a fish baked in a large block of salt) and Shish kebabs (kebaps). Traditional Turkish 'koftes' (meatballs), 'piyas' (white beans with onion and lemon juice), 'tarhana' soup (made with sun-dried tomatoes and yoghurt), 'keskek' (boiled meat and wheat), 'boyoz' pasties, and 'kumru' sandwiches are also worth tasting in Izmir restaurants.
Izmir Shopping
Those who enjoy spending time in shopping, then Izmir is certainly the place for them, Although Izmir is filled with a wealth of incredibly historic attractions and beautiful buildings, it is the city's shopping scene that most impresses many a visitor. The city of Izmir is certainly a shopping haven, with colorful and other rather hectic open-air markets.
Turkish carpets, hand-woven rugs, all kinds of fabrics, Kilim rugs, and leather ware of an exceptional quality, gold and silver jewellery and boxes of tasty Turkish delight sweets (Lokum) are popular purchases when tourists visit Izmir. The Kizlaragasi Han market offers everything from jewellery, souvenirs, ceramics and antiques and of course confectionary. Konak Pier, which is just few minutes walk from the Clock Tower, has a very traditional shopping vibe to be found around. The Karsiyaka Carsi shopping centre is close to the Karsiyaka Pier and it features a truly excellent selection of local stores which makes it a very busy part of the city.